Reimagining Indian Education through the National Education Policy 2020: A Critical Review of Educational Reforms, Teacher Education, and Technology Integration

Abstract

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 marks a significant milestone in the reform of India's education system after more than three decades. Replacing the National Policy on Education (1986), it presents a comprehensive vision for creating a learner-centred, multidisciplinary, and technology-enabled education system that responds to the changing needs of the twenty-first century. This review paper critically examines the key provisions of NEP 2020 with a focus on educational reforms, teacher education and professional development, and the integration of digital technologies into teaching and learning. The study is based on a review of government policy documents, scholarly publications, and other relevant secondary sources to understand both the opportunities and the practical challenges associated with implementing the policy. The analysis suggests that NEP 2020 has the potential to improve educational quality by promoting competency-based learning, strengthening teacher preparation, and encouraging the effective use of technology. However, the successful realization of these objectives depends on adequate financial support, institutional preparedness, digital infrastructure, and coordinated efforts among policymakers, educational institutions, teachers, and local communities. The paper concludes that effective implementation, rather than policy design alone, will determine the long-term impact of NEP 2020 on India's education system.