Pharmacological evaluation of euphorbia hirta l. Leaves for the management of diabetes mellitus

Abstract

This research utilized in vivo models to investigate the anti-diabetic properties of an extract from Euphorbia hirta leaves in rats that were induced with diabetes using streptozotocin. (Wistar albino rodents). Ethanol was collected, identified, and extracted from fresh leaves of Euphorbia hirta using the Soxhlet method. As per OECD guideline 423, the extract was deemed safe following an acute toxicity test that delivered doses as high as 2000 mg/kg body weight. No negative effects were observed. Animals received streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight) to create a diabetic state and were administered extracts of Euphorbia hirta (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 21 days) to induce diabetes. Rats in the extracted group had greater weights than the diabetic control animals and exhibited significant enhancements in their fasting blood glucose levels. Several renal function markers, such as blood urea and serum creatinine, along with liver enzyme levels (SGOT and SGPT), demonstrated significant enhancement. Results from the histology of the pancreatic tissues demonstrated that the islets of Langerhans were more organised, and patients treated with extracts demonstrated partial β-cell regeneration, which was more effective at higher dosages. The results of the current experiment show that Euphorbia hirta has considerable antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective properties and can be used to manage diabetes mellitus.