HR Nurturing Connects as Drivers of Physician Empathy and Compassion: Lessons from Bhaktivedanta Hospital

Main Article Content

Dhiraj Solanki, Dr. Anil Tiwari

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of physician empathy and compassion in healthcare delivery, particularly in managing patients with long COVID and chronic conditions. Human resource (HR) nurturing connections have emerged as vital drivers of healthcare professional well-being and patient-centered care. This study examines how HR nurturing connections serve as drivers of physician empathy and compassion, drawing lessons from healthcare delivery models and social support frameworks applicable to institutions like Bhaktivedanta Hospital. A systematic analysis of 39 peer-reviewed publications was conducted, focusing on social support mechanisms, healthcare professional well-being, and patient care outcomes during and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Social support systems significantly buffer stress and enhance healthcare professional performance. Physicians receiving adequate HR support demonstrated improved empathy scores (Cohen's d = 0.72), reduced burnout rates (35% reduction), and enhanced job satisfaction (mean increase of 2.3 points on 5-point scale). Long COVID patients treated by supported physicians showed 40% better treatment adherence and improved quality of life measures. HR nurturing connections serve as fundamental drivers of physician empathy and compassion, creating cascading positive effects on patient care quality and outcomes.

Article Details

How to Cite
Dhiraj Solanki, Dr. Anil Tiwari. (2025). HR Nurturing Connects as Drivers of Physician Empathy and Compassion: Lessons from Bhaktivedanta Hospital. International Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Trends (IJARMT), 2(3), 553–566. Retrieved from https://ijarmt.com/index.php/j/article/view/478
Section
Articles

References

Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417-436.

Baruch-Feldman, C., Brondolo, E., Ben-Dayan, D., & Schwartz, J. (2002). Sources of social support and burnout, job satisfaction, and productivity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 84-93.

Benson, J. J., Oliver, D. P., Washington, K. T., Rolbiecki, A. J., Lombardo, C. B., Garza, J. E., & Demiris, G. (2020). Online social support groups for informal caregivers of hospice patients with cancer. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 44, 101698.

Bonham, C., Juarez, R., & Siegal, N. (2023). Long COVID and unemployment in Hawaii. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), 6231.

Callard, F., & Perego, E. (2021). How and why patients made long Covid. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113426.

Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., & Landi, F. (2020). Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA, 324(6), 603.

Chen, C., Haupert, S. R., Zimmermann, L., Shi, X., Fritsche, L. G., & Mukherjee, B. (2022). Global prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition or long COVID: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 226(9), 1593-1607.

Cohen, S. (1988). Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychology, 7(3), 269-297.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.

Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1990). Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching. In B. R. Sarason, I. G. Sarason, & G. R. Pierce (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view (pp. 319-366). J. Wiley & Sons.

Cutrona, C. E., & Suhr, J. A. (1992). Controllability of stressful events and satisfaction with spouse support behaviors. Communication Research, 19(2), 154-174.

de Oliveira Almeida, K., Nogueira Alves, I. G., de Queiroz, R. S., de Castro, M. R., Gomes, V. A., Santos Fontoura, F. C., Brites, C., & Neto, M. G. (2023). A systematic review on physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in COVID-19 survivors. Chronic Illness, 19(2), 279-303.

Fitzgerald Miller, J. (1985). Assessment of loneliness and spiritual well-being in chronically ill and healthy adults. Journal of Professional Nursing, 1(2), 79-85.

Gore, S. (1981). Stress-buffering functions of social support: An appraisal and clarification of research models. In B. S. Dohrenwend & B. P. Dohrenwend (Eds.), Stressful life events and their contexts. Prodist.

Greenhalgh, T., Sivan, M., Perlowski, A., & Nikolich, J. Ž. (2024). Long COVID: A clinical update. The Lancet, 404(10456), 707-724.

Grey, I., Arora, T., Thomas, J., Saneh, A., Tohme, P., & Abi-Habib, R. (2020). The role of perceived social support on depression and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113452.

Gutzeit, J., Weiß, M., Nürnberger, C., Lemhöfer, C., Appel, K. S., Pracht, E., Reese, J. P., Lehmann, C., Polidori, M. C., Hein, G., Falkai, P., Ronel, J., & Wagner, M. (2025). Definitions and symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome: An updated systematic umbrella review. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 275(1), 129-140.

Holloway, I., Sofaer-Bennett, B., & Walker, J. (2007). The stigmatisation of people with chronic back pain. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(18), 1456-1464.

Holt-Lunstad, J. (2018). Why social relationships are important for physical health: A systems approach to understanding and modifying risk and protection. Annual Review of Psychology, 69, 437-458.

Hossain, M. M., Das, J., Rahman, F., Nesa, F., Hossain, P., Islam, A. M. K., Tasnim, S., Faizah, F., Mazumder, H., Purohit, N., McKyer, E. L. J., & Ma, P. (2023). Living with "long COVID": A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence. PLOS ONE, 18(2), e0281884.

House, J. S. (1987). Social support and social structure. Sociological Forum, 2(1), 135-146.

House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241(4865), 540-545.

Jaywant, A., Gunning, F. M., Oberlin, L. E., Santillana, M., Ognyanova, K., Druckman, J. N., Baum, M. A., Lazer, D., & Perlis, R. H. (2024). Cognitive symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition and daily functioning. JAMA Network Open, 7(1), e2356098.

Langford, C. P. H., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., & Lillis, P. P. (1997). Social support: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(1), 95-100.

Lüscher, J., Scholz, U., & Bierbauer, W. (2023). Social support, distress and well-being in individuals experiencing long-COVID: A cross-sectional survey study. BMJ Open, 13(3), e067166.

MacEwan, S. R., Rahurkar, S., Tarver, W. L., Eiterman, L. P., Melnyk, H., Olvera, R. G., Eramo, J. L., Teuschler, L., Gaughan, A. A., Rush, L. J., Nelson, A. K., Borawski, K. M., Perera, R. A., & Katz, M. L. (2024). The impact of long COVID on employment and well-being: A qualitative study of patient perspectives. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 40(5), 1070-1077.

Michelen, M., Manoharan, L., Elkheir, N., Cheng, V., Dagens, A., Hastie, C., O'Hara, M., Suett, J., Dahmash, D., Bugaeva, P., Rigby, I., Munblit, D., Harriss, E., Burls, A., Foote, C., Scott, J. T., Carson, G., Olliaro, P., Sigfrid, L., & Stavropoulou, C. (2021). Characterising long COVID: A living systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 6(9), e005427.

Nath, A. (2020). Long-haul COVID. Neurology, 95(13), 559-560.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2024). A long COVID definition. National Academies Press.

Perego, E., Callard, F., Stras, L., Melville-Jóhannesson, B., Pope, R., & Alwan, N. A. (2020). Why the patient-made term "long Covid" is needed. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 224.

Perlis, R. H., Lunz Trujillo, K., Safarpour, A., Santillana, M., Ognyanova, K., Druckman, J., & Lazer, D. (2023). Association of post–COVID-19 condition symptoms and employment status. JAMA Network Open, 6(2), e2256152.

Pietrzak, P., & Hanke, W. (2024). The long COVID and its mental health manifestations—the review of literature. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 37(4), 360-380.

Su, Y., Yuan, D., Chen, D. G., Ng, R. H., Wang, K., Choi, J., Li, S., Hong, S., Zhang, R., Xie, J., Kachroo, P., Barouch-Bentov, R., Rockweiler, N. B., Sung, H., Sentmanat, M., Koenig, S., Sandoval, K., Feng, Y., Li, H., ... Heath, J. R. (2022). Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell, 185(5), 881-895.e20.

Szkody, E., Stearns, M., Stanhope, L., & McKinney, C. (2021). Stress-buffering role of social support during COVID-19. Family Process, 60(3), 1002-1015.

Tenforde, M. W., Kim, S. S., Lindsell, C. J., Billig Rose, E., Shapiro, N. I., Files, D. C., Gibbs, K. W., Erickson, H. L., Steingrub, J. S., Smithline, H. A., Dickerson, M., Prekker, M. E., Cheng, M. P., Exline, M. C., Peltan, I. D., Brown, S. M., Martin, E. T., Monto, A. S., Khan, A., ... Self, W. H. (2020). Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network—United States, March–June 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(30), 993-998.

Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. In The SAGE handbook of qualitative research in psychology (pp. 17-37). Sage Publications.

World Health Organization. (2025). WHO COVID-19 Dashboard: COVID-19 Cases, World. https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases?n=o

Yang, X., Yang, X., Kumar, P., Cao, B., Ma, X., & Li, T. (2020). Social support and clinical improvement in COVID-19 positive patients in China. Nursing Outlook, 68(6), 830-837.

Yong, S. J. (2021). Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: Putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infectious Diseases, 53(10), 737-754.

Younger, J. B. (1995). The alienation of the sufferer. Advances in Nursing Science, 17(4), 53-72.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.