Qualitative analysis of FAMEs of Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using GC-MS technique
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Abstract
The global energy scenario faces a change in the sea due to an increasing alarm compared to climate change, the decline in fossil fuel resources and ecological costs of traditional energy sources [1]. One of the main advantages of using WCO as raw materials to produce biological diesel is relatively low cost. Waste oil is much cheaper than pure oil, and therefore, the production of bio -diesel oil from WCO is economically possible [2]. Increasing demand for biological diesel is also supported by government incentives and policies to apply renewable energy [3] . With concerns about energy security, environmental sustainability and climate change day by day, biological diesel has become an important player in the renewable energy space. The world trending towards sustainable energy solutions, biodiesel has become a prominent option as an alternative to fossil fuels. Biodiesel, dominated by Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs), is a biodegradable, renewable fuel made from biological materials like vegetable oils, animal fat, and waste cooking oil [4]. Pretreatment acid catalysed esterification was carried out to reduce the free fatty acid number of oil. Physicochemical parameters of waste cooking oil (WCO), such as free fatty acid (FFA) value, moisture content, saponification value, were determined to evaluate the suitability of the oil for biodiesel production. Such parameters indicate the feasibility of transesterification and biodiesel conversion with good efficiency. Waste cooking oil was trans-esterified in a 250 ml three -neck round-bottom flask followed by controlled temperature 60-65OC, waste cooking oil (20 grams), methanol (95% v/v) with a molar concentration 12:1, and 5wt% catalyst (5% Zn doped CaO) was mixed together to achieve maximum biodiesel. Chemical composition analysis by GC-MS shoed the presence of about 82.35% fatty acid methyl esters found. Fuel properties like kinematic viscosity ,flash ,pour,fire ,cloud point,acid value FFA conversion rate, density and viscosity of biodiesel found in accordance with standard American Society testing abd Materials biodiesel specification.
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